Metals and Non-metals Notes Class 10 and Question Answers are given here. This article is not only to learn about the theortical part of the chapter but you will learn the recent asked question of this chapter. So lets begin with the introduction part of this chapter and then slowely-slowely we will learn the question and answers of class 10 science.
Metals:
These are elements(Metals and Non-metals notes) that are typically shiny, dense, good conductors of heat and electricity, and can be bent or shaped without breaking. Examples of metals include gold, silver, copper, and iron.
Non-Metals:
Non-metals are elements that are typically dull, not dense, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and can’t be bent or shaped without breaking. Examples of non-metals include carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen.
Characteristics of metals and non-metals:
The characteristics of metals and non-metals can be explained by their electronic structure. Metals typically have a large number of free electrons in their outermost shell, which allows them to conduct heat and electricity well, while non-metals typically have very few free electrons, which makes them poor conductors.
Difference between metals and non-metals:
The difference between metals and non-metals is also reflected in their physical and chemical properties, such as melting point, boiling point, and reactivity. Metals typically have high melting and boiling points and are less reactive, while non-metals typically have low melting and boiling points and are more reactive.
Metals and non-metals class 10 important questions
Q. What are metals and non-metals? How do they differ from each other?
Metals: Metals are a group of elements characterized by their ability to conduct heat and electricity, their shiny appearance when freshly polished, and their ability to be bent or shaped without breaking. Examples of metals include copper, gold, iron, and silver.
Non-Metals: Non-metals, on the other hand, are a group of elements that are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity, have a dull appearance, and are brittle. They cannot be bent or shaped without breaking. Examples of non-metals include carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen.
Difference between metal and non-metal with example
The main difference between metals and non-metals is their electronic structure. Metals have a large number of free electrons in their outermost shell, which allows them to conduct heat and electricity well. Non-metals, on the other hand, have very few free electrons, which makes them poor conductors. This difference in electronic structure also leads to differences in other physical and chemical properties such as melting point, boiling point, and reactivity. Metals typically have high melting and boiling points and are less reactive, while non-metals typically have low melting and boiling points and are more reactive.
Q. What are the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals?
Physical properties of metals:
- High density
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Malleable and ductile (can be bent or shaped without breaking)
- Shiny appearance when freshly polished
- High melting and boiling points
Chemical properties of metals:
- Tend to lose electrons during chemical reactions, becoming positively charged ions (cations).
- Form basic oxides.
- Generally less reactive than non-metals.
- Tend to form alloys. (mixtures of two or more metals)
Physical properties of non-metals:
- Low density
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Brittle and not malleable or ductile
- Dull appearance
- Low melting and boiling points
Chemical properties of non-metals:
- Tend to gain electrons during chemical reactions, becoming negatively charged ions (anions)
- Form acidic oxides
- Generally more reactive than metals
- Do not form alloys.
Metals and Non-metals Notes Class 10 with important Questions and Answer
Q. How do metals and non-metals react with each other and with other elements?
Metals and non-metals tend to react with each other in specific ways due to their differing chemical properties.
Chemical Reaction 1:
One common reaction is that metals will tend to lose electrons to non-metals, forming positively charged ions (cations) while non-metals will tend to gain electrons, forming negatively charged ions (anions). These ions will then be attracted to each other and form ionic compounds, also known as salts. For example, when sodium (a metal) reacts with chlorine (a non-metal), they form sodium chloride (NaCl), an ionic compound.
Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → NaCl (s)
Chemical Reaction 2:
Another common reaction between metals and non-metals is that non-metals will tend to displace metals from their compounds. This is because non-metals are more reactive than metals, and are able to extract electrons from the metal atoms. For example, when copper is placed in a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3), the silver ions in the solution will displace the copper ions and precipitate out of the solution as metallic silver, leaving copper ions behind. This is known as a single replacement reaction.
Cu + 2 AgNO3 → 2 Ag + Cu(NO3)2
When metals react with other elements, they tend to form compounds through metallic bonding. This is a type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between metal atoms. These compounds are known as metallic compounds.
Examples of metallic compounds are Sodium chloride NaCl, Calcium chloride CaCl 2 as well as Silver nitrate AgNO 3.
Q. What are alloys and how are they formed?
Alloys are mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. They are formed by combining the constituent elements in a solid state. They can be formed by melting the constituent elements together and then solidifying the mixture, or by a process called powder metallurgy, in which the elements are ground into a fine powder and then pressed and heated to form a solid.
Alloys are often formed to improve the properties of a metal. For example, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and it is stronger and harder than pure iron. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, and it is harder and more durable than pure copper. Aluminum alloy is formed by combining aluminum with other metals like magnesium, silicon, and copper, which can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of aluminum.
Alloys can also be formed to change the physical properties of a metal. For example, adding other elements to gold can change its color, giving rise to white gold and rose gold.
Alloys can have unique properties which are not found in any of the pure elements that form them. They are used in a wide range of applications, such as in the construction of buildings, bridges, and vehicles, in electrical and electronic devices, in jewelry, and many more.
Q. What are the uses of metals and non-metals in everyday life?
Metals and non-metals have a wide range of uses in everyday life.
Metals are used in many different applications due to their strength, durability, and conductivity. Some common uses of metals include:
- Construction: steel, aluminum, and copper are used in the construction of buildings, bridges, and infrastructure
- Transportation: cars, trains, and airplanes are made with a variety of metals, including steel, aluminum, and titanium
- Electrical and electronic devices: metals like copper, gold, and silver are used in electrical wiring and electronic components
- Medical equipment: metals like stainless steel and titanium are used in surgical instruments, dental implants, and artificial joints
- Jewelry: metals like gold, silver, and platinum are used in the production of jewelry
Non-metals also have a wide range of uses in everyday life. Some common uses of non-metals include:
- Fuel: fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are composed mostly of non-metals like carbon and hydrogen
- Food and Agriculture: Nitrogen and sulfur are used as fertilizers.
- Building materials: non-metals like carbon and silicon are used in the production of building materials like cement and glass
- Medicine: non-metals like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are used in the production of drugs and medical treatments
- Industrial processes: non-metals like chlorine and sulfur are used in a variety of industrial processes such as water treatment, bleaching, and vulcanization.
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