Life Processes Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 6. Class 10 Science Unit 2: Life processes refer to the basic functions that all living organisms perform to maintain their existence. These include:
- Nutrition: obtaining and utilizing food for growth and energy
- Respiration: the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
- Transport: the movement of substances within the organism
- Excretion: the removal of waste products from the organism
- Reproduction: the process of creating new individuals of the same species
- Sensitivity: the ability to respond to stimuli in the environment
In class 10, students typically learn about these life processes in the context of biology and study them in more detail in higher classes.
Life Processes Class 10 Important Questions with Answers Science Chapter 6
Q. What are the fundamental life processes of Class 10?
Ans: In class 10 science chapter 6, students learn about the following fundamental life processes:
- Nutrition: obtaining and utilizing food for growth and energy.
- Respiration: the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
- Transport: the movement of substances within the organism.
- Excretion: the removal of waste products from the organism.
- Reproduction: the process of creating new individuals of the same species.
- Sensitivity: the ability to respond to stimuli in the environment.
Q. How do living organisms obtain and use energy?
Ans: In class 10 Science Chapter 6, students mainly learn that living organisms obtain energy from food through the process of cellular respiration. The energy obtained from food is used for various life processes, such as growth, repair, and movement.
Cellular respiration: it is the process by which living organisms convert the energy stored in food into a form that the cell can use, which is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). There are two main types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration: It is the process by which living organisms obtain energy through the use of oxygen. It occurs in the presence of oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. It is a much more efficient process than anaerobic respiration and yields a large amount of ATP.
Anaerobic respiration: It is the process by which living organisms obtain energy without the use of oxygen. It occurs in the absence of oxygen and takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells. It is not as efficient as aerobic respiration, and it yields a small amount of ATP.
Q. How do living organisms obtain and use nutrients?
Ans: In class 10 Science Unit 2 Living world Notes, students learn that living organisms obtain nutrients from food through the process of nutrition. Nutrients are substances in food that are necessary for the growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. They include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
Types of Butritions: There are two main types of nutrition:
- Autotrophic
- Heterotrophic
1. Autotrophic nutrition: It is the process by which living organisms obtain nutrients by producing their own food. This type of nutrition is seen in plants, which use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose through the process of photosynthesis.
2. Heterotrophic nutrition: It is the process by which living organisms obtain nutrients by consuming other living organisms. This type of nutrition is seen in animals, which consume plants or other animals for their food.
Q. How do living organisms exchange gases with their environment?
Ans: Here you will learn that living organisms exchange gases with their environment through the process of respiration. Respiration is the process by which living organisms obtain oxygen from the air or water and release carbon dioxide. Oxygen is necessary for the production of energy through cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration.
Types of respiration: There are two main types of respiration:
- Internal respiration
- External respiration
1. Internal respiration: It is the exchange of gases between the cells of an organism and the blood. The oxygen in the blood is transported to the cells where it is used in cellular respiration, and the carbon dioxide produced by the cells is transported to the lungs where it is exhaled.
2. External respiration: It is the exchange of gases between the lungs or other respiratory organs and the air or water. In air-breathing organisms such as mammals, birds, and some insects, oxygen is taken in through the lungs and carbon dioxide is exhaled. In aquatic animals, oxygen is taken in through gills or skin and carbon dioxide is released through the same organs.
Q. How do living organisms transport substances within their bodies?
Ans: Living organisms transport substances within their bodies through the process of transport. Transport refers to the movement of substances such as nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products through the body. This process is necessary for maintaining the internal environment of the organism and for supporting various life processes.
Types of transport in living organisms: There are two main types of transport in living organisms:
- Circulatory
- Non-circulatory transport
1. Circulatory transport: It is the movement of substances through the circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen and nutrients to the cells and the removal of waste products. In animals, the circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
2. Non-circulatory transport: It is the movement of substances through the body without the use of a circulatory system. This type of transport is seen in simple organisms such as single-celled organisms and plants. In plants, the process of transport is carried out by the xylem and phloem.
Life processes questions and answers
Q. How do living organisms get rid of waste products?
Ans: Living organisms get rid of waste products through the process of excretion. Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body. These waste products can be in the form of metabolic waste, such as carbon dioxide, or in the form of undigested food.
Types of excretion in living organisms: There are two main types of excretion in living organisms:
- Metabolic excretion
- Eliminative excretion
1. Metabolic excretion: It is the removal of waste products that are produced as a result of metabolic reactions. These waste products include carbon dioxide, water, and urea. The process of cellular respiration, for example, produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, which is removed from the body through the process of respiration.
2. Eliminative excretion: It is the removal of undigested food and other foreign substances from the body. This is done through the excretory organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and skin. In animals, the kidneys filter the blood and remove waste products in the form of urine. The lungs remove carbon dioxide, and the skin helps to excrete water and salt.
Q. How do living organisms reproduce?
Ans: Learn about the process of reproduction in living organisms, which is the process of creating new individuals of the same species. Reproduction is necessary for the continuation of a species and for maintaining population size.
Types of reproduction: There are two main types of reproduction:
- Asexual reproduction
- Sexual reproduction
1. Asexual reproduction: It is the process by which new individuals are produced without the involvement of sex cells or fertilization. This type of reproduction is seen in organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and some plants. Asexual reproduction can happen through various methods such as binary fission, budding, fragmentation, etc.
2. Sexual reproduction: It is the process by which new individuals are produced through the combination of genetic material from two parents. This type of reproduction is seen in organisms such as animals, fungi, and most plants. In animals, the process of sexual reproduction involves the production of specialized cells called gametes, which come together during fertilization to form a new organism.
Q. How do living organisms grow and develop?
Ans: Living organisms grow and develop through a process called development, which is the process by which living organisms change over time from conception to maturity. This process is characterized by changes in physical characteristics and an increase in size and complexity.
Types of growth and development in Living Organisms
There are two main types of growth and development:
- Physical
- Physiological(functional development)
Physical growth: Refers to the increase in size and mass of an organism. This includes changes in height, weight, and overall body size. Physical growth is a result of cell division and the accumulation of materials such as proteins and lipids.
Physiological development, also called functional development, refers to the changes in the functioning of the organism’s organs and systems. This includes changes in the nervous system, the immune system, and the digestive system.
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