Control and Coordination Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Notes

Control and Coordination Class 10 Science Notes – Full Biology Chapter 7 Notes is written here with help of expert teachers. As you are a student/teacher and looking for a great article where all the topics should be covered with most recent asked questions. Then you are at the right place to learn all in one Class 10 science notes. So, without wasting time lets start our learning wiht the below topics.

Firstly here we will start these two topics will be used. So our first topic is in Animals and second topic is in Plants.

#1. In Animals:

In Animals, control and coordination are achieved through the nervous and endocrine systems. The nervous system uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit information quickly throughout the body, allowing for rapid responses to changes in the environment. The endocrine system, on the other hand, uses hormones to coordinate the activities of different cells and organs in the body over a longer period of time.

#2. Control and Coordination In Plants:

In plants, control and coordination are achieved through hormones and other signaling molecules. These molecules regulate growth and development, response to environmental changes, and communication between different parts of the plant. Plant hormones can also be used to control movements, such as the opening and closing of flowers or the bending of leaves toward the light.

In both animals and plants, control and coordination are essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to changes in the environment.

Control and coordination question answers

Q. How do animals and plants respond to stimuli in their environment?

Ans: Animals and plants respond to stimuli in their environment in different ways.

Animal stimuli in their environment:

In animals, response to stimuli is achieved through the nervous and muscular systems. The nervous system receives information from sensory receptors and sends signals to the muscles, which then respond by contracting or relaxing. This allows animals to move, change direction, and escape from danger. The nervous system also triggers reflexes, which are automatic, rapid responses to certain stimuli, such as pulling your hand away from a hot stove.

Plant stimuli in their environment:

In plants, response to stimuli is achieved through growth and movement. Plants are immobile and cannot move away from environmental changes, so they have developed ways to respond to changes in their surroundings through the growth and movement of specific parts of their body. For example, plants respond to light by growing towards it, this process is called phototropism. They respond to gravity by growing roots downwards and stems upwards, this process is called gravitropism. They also respond to touch by moving their leaves or stems, this process is called thigmotropism.

Overall, animals and plants have evolved different strategies to respond to environmental stimuli, but both rely on a complex network of signaling pathways and receptors to detect and respond to changes in the environment.

Q. What are the different types of plant and animal responses to stimuli?

Ans: There are different types of responses to stimuli in both animals and plants.

In animals, some common responses to stimuli include:

Reflexes: Automatic, rapid responses to specific stimuli, such as the knee-jerk reflex or the pupillary light reflex.
Movement: Responses involving the contraction and relaxation of muscles, allowing animals to move towards or away from a stimulus.
Behavioral responses: Complex, learned behaviors that are triggered by specific stimuli, such as a dog barking at a doorbell or a bird building a nest.

In plants, some common responses to stimuli include:

Phototropism: The growth of a plant towards or away from light.
Gravitropism: The growth of a plant in response to gravity, with roots growing downwards and stems growing upwards.
Thigmotropism: The growth or movement of a plant in response to touch or mechanical pressure.
Photoperiodism: The response of a plant to the length of day and night, regulating growth and reproduction.
Thermotropism: The growth of a plant in response to temperature changes.
Chemotropism: The growth or movement of a plant in response to chemical signals, such as the movement of tendrils towards support.

Overall, animals and plants have evolved a wide range of responses to stimuli in order to survive and thrive in their environments. These responses are the result of complex signaling pathways and interactions between various cells, tissues, and organs.

Q. How do plants and animals coordinate their movements and behaviors?

Ans: Plants and animals coordinate their movements and behaviors through the use of different signaling systems.

Movements and behaviors in Animals:

In animals, coordination is achieved through the nervous system, which uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit information quickly throughout the body. The nervous system is made up of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves that extend to the rest of the body. The nervous system coordinates movement and behavior by sending signals to the muscles, allowing for precise and coordinated movement.

Movements and behaviors in Plants:

In plants, coordination is achieved through the use of hormones and other signaling molecules. These molecules control growth and development, response to environmental changes, and communication between different parts of the plant. Hormones such as auxins and cytokinins control cell division and elongation, allowing for growth and movement. Phototropins, a type of photoreceptor, detect the direction of light and help the plant to coordinate its growth toward the light source.

In both animals and plants, coordination is essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to changes in the environment. The nervous and endocrine systems in animals, and the hormonal signaling in plants, work together to coordinate movement and behavior, allowing the organism to survive and thrive in its environment.

Q. What are the different types of plant and animal organs and systems that are involved in control and coordination?

Ans: There are various types of organs and systems that are involved in control and coordination in both plants and animals.

In animals, some of the key organs and systems that are involved in control and coordination include:

Nervous system
Endocrine system
Muscular system

1. Nervous system: The nervous system is responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body, allowing for rapid responses to changes in the environment. It is made up of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
2. Endocrine system: The endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate the activities of different cells and organs in the body over a longer period of time. Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by glands and released into the bloodstream, where they travel to target cells and organs.
3. Muscular system: The muscular system is responsible for movement and coordination by contracting and relaxing muscles. It works in conjunction with the nervous system to control movement and posture.

In plants, some of the key organs and systems that are involved in control and coordination include:

Hormonal signaling
Photoreceptors
Gravitropism

1. Hormonal signaling: Hormones and other signaling molecules play a key role in control and coordination in plants. They control growth and development, response to environmental changes, and communication between different parts of the plant.
2. Photoreceptors: Photoreceptors such as phytochromes and phototropin detect light and help the plant coordinate its growth and movement in response to light.
3. Gravitropism: The root and stem of the plant have specialized cells that respond to gravity and help the plant coordinate its growth and movement.

Overall, control and coordination in both plants and animals involve complex interactions between different organs and systems. These interactions allow for precise regulation of growth and movement, and the ability to respond to changes in the environment in order to survive and thrive.

Q. How do the nervous and endocrine systems work in animals to coordinate and control body functions?

Ans: The nervous and endocrine systems in animals work together to coordinate and control body functions.

The function of the Nervous System:

Nervous system: The nervous system is responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body, allowing for rapid responses to changes in the environment. It is made up of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves that extend to the rest of the body. The CNS receives and processes information from the senses, and then sends signals to the muscles and organs, allowing for precise and coordinated movement.

The function of the endocrine system:

Endocrine system: The endocrine system, on the other hand, uses hormones to coordinate the activities of different cells and organs in the body over a longer period of time. Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by glands and released into the bloodstream, where they travel to target cells and organs. The endocrine system controls processes such as metabolism, growth and development, and stress response. The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system, responding to signals from the nervous system and also sending signals to the nervous system.

For example: when an animal is faced with a threat, the nervous system sends signals to the endocrine system to release hormones such as adrenaline, which triggers the fight-or-flight response. This response prepares the animal’s body for action by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, diverting blood flow to the muscles, and releasing glucose into the bloodstream. The endocrine system and nervous system work together to coordinate the body’s response to the stimulus and help the animal survive.

In short, the nervous and endocrine systems in animals work together to coordinate and control body functions by sending and receiving signals, allowing for rapid and precise responses to changes in the environment.

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