Acids, Bases, and Salts is one of the important chapter of class 10 science. In this chapter mainly students will learn the behaviour of various substances. Here we have pointed out the most asked question in class 10 science with answers. Top 10 most asked question for class 10 science Acids, Bases, and Salts.
Q1. What is acid definition class 10?
Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They have a sour taste and can react with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and citric acid (C6H8O7).
Q2. What is base class 10?
Bases are compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. They have a bitter taste and feel slippery to the touch. They can neutralize acids to form water and salt. Examples of common bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Q3. What is Salt class 10?
Salts are compounds that are formed by the neutralization of acids and bases. They do not have a sour or bitter taste and are generally made up of positively and negatively charged ions. Examples of common salts include table salt (NaCl) and baking soda (NaHCO3).
Also Read: CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2023
Q4. How are salts formed Class 10?
In the neutralization reaction acid and base react to form salt and water.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
In this reaction acid and base cancel out their H+ and OH- ions respectively and form salt and water
Q5. What are acids and bases? How do they differ from each other?
Acids and bases are types of chemical compounds that have distinct properties and behavior.
Acid Definition: Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They have a sour taste and can react with metals to produce hydrogen gas. They are characterized by the presence of hydrogen ions (H+) in their chemical formula. Common examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and citric acid (C6H8O7).
Base Definition: Bases, on the other hand, are compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. They have a bitter taste and feel slippery to the touch. This can neutralize acids to form water and salt. They are characterized by the presence of hydroxide ions (OH-) in their chemical formula. Common examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Main Difference Between Acid and Base:
In summary, acids are compounds that have a sour taste and produce H+ ions when dissolved in water, while bases are compounds that have a bitter taste and produce OH- ions when dissolved in water. They are opposite to each other in nature and can neutralize each other to form salt and water.
Also Read: Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10 Notes Chapter 1 Science
Q6. How do acids and bases react with each other?
Acids and bases react with each other through a process called neutralization. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to form salt and water. The acid donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to the base, which accepts it to form a hydroxyl ion (OH-). These two ions then combine to form water (H2O). The remaining ions from the acid and base combine to form a salt. The general equation for a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base is:
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) react, they form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
It’s also important to note that not all acid-base reactions will produce a neutral solution (a solution with a pH of 7), some may produce the basic solution and some may produce an acidic solution.
In general, the acidity or basicity of a solution is measured by the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. Neutralization reactions will typically result in a solution with a pH of 7.
Also Read: Chemical substances nature and behavior class 10 question answer
Q7. What are the properties of acids and bases?
Acids and bases have distinct properties that are used to identify and classify them.
Properties of acids:
- Acids have a sour taste and can react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
- Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
- Conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- Acids are proton donors and have a pH of less than 7.
- They have H+ ions in their chemical formula
Properties of bases:
- Bases have a bitter taste and feel slippery to the touch.
- Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
- Conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- Bases are proton acceptors and have a pH greater than 7.
- They have OH- ions in their chemical formula
Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts MCQs
Q8. What are salts? How are they formed?
Salts are chemical compounds composed of positively and negatively charged ions. They are formed by the neutralization of an acid and a base. A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form salt and water. The acid donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to the base, which accepts it to form a hydroxyl ion (OH-). These two ions then combine to form water (H2O). The remaining ions from the acid and base combine to form a salt. The general equation for a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base is:
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) react, they form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound made up of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-).
It’s also important to note that not all salts are formed by the neutralization of acids and bases, some can also be formed by other chemical reactions, like precipitation reactions, or chemical reactions that take place in the solid state.
Salts do not have a sour or bitter taste and are generally not acidic or basic. They can be dissolved in water and they may conduct electricity to some extent. Some common salts include table salt (NaCl), baking soda (NaHCO3), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2).
Also Read: How to Prepare for your Class 10 board exam
Q9. How do acids and bases react with metals and non-metals?
Acids and bases can react with both metals and non-metals in different ways.
When an acid reacts with a metal, it can produce hydrogen gas and salt. The acid donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to the metal, which forms a positive ion (M+) and hydrogen gas (H2). The remaining ions from the acid and metal combine to form a salt. The general equation for this type of reaction is:
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas
For example, when zinc (Zn) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), it produces zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
When a base reacts with a non-metal, it can produce water and salt. The base accepts a hydrogen ion (H+) from the non-metal, which forms a negative ion (X-) and water (H2O). The remaining ions from the base and non-metal combine to form a salt. The general equation for this type of reaction is:
Non-metal + Base → Salt + Water
For example, when sulfur dioxide (SO2) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it produces sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) and water:
SO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O
It’s also important to note that not all metals or non-metals will react with acids or bases in the same way. It depends on the type of acid or base, the strength of the acid or base, the nature of metal or non-metal, and the conditions under which the reaction takes place.
Class 10 Science → Chapter Notes – Acids, Bases, and Salts
Q10. What is neutralization? How does it occur?
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form salt and water. The acid donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to the base, which accepts it to form a hydroxyl ion (OH-). These two ions then combine to form water (H2O). The remaining ions from the acid and base combine to form a salt. The general equation for a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base is:
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) react, they form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
The acid and the base are neutralized by each other, hence the name “neutralization”. The acid loses a hydrogen ion (H+) and the base loses a hydroxyl ion (OH-), resulting in the formation of water (H2O). The remaining ions from the acid and base combine to form a salt. Neutralization reactions typically result in a solution with a pH of 7, which is neutral.
Neutralization reactions can occur in an aqueous solution or in a solid state. In an aqueous solution, the acid and base are dissolved in water and the reaction takes place in the solution. In a solid state, it can happen when an acid and a base are mixed together in solid form, the reaction will take place as soon as they come into contact with each other and heat is generated.
The neutralization reaction is exothermic in nature, which means it produces heat. The heat generated during the neutralization reaction can be measured and the amount of heat generated can be used to find the concentration of acid or base.
